Heatwave

On this page, you will find practical advice and guidance on how to behave during heatwaves.


Definition of a heatwave

According to the German Weather Service, a heatwave is “a period lasting several days characterised by unusually high thermal stress”. A heatwave is an extreme event that can be harmful to health – particularly that of the elderly and those with underlying health conditions – as well as to ecosystems and infrastructure.


Heat warning levels

There are two alert levels:

1. Warning of ‘extreme heat’ – perceived temperature in the early afternoon > 32°C

2. Warning of ‘extreme heat stress’ – perceived temperature in the early afternoon > 38°C

Another criterion taken into account is the night-time temperature indoors. If it remains too warm at night, the quality of sleep deteriorates. This makes it harder to cope with the heat during the day.


Basic guidelines in the event of a heatwave warning

When heat warnings are in force, there are three basic rules to follow:

1. Avoid the heat

  • Avoid direct sunlight
  • Don’t go outside during the hottest part of the day (in the afternoon)
  • Postpone outdoor physical activity until the early hours of the morning

 

2. Keep your body cool and ensure you stay hydrated and maintain your electrolyte levels

  • Drink plenty of fluids regularly; on hot days, your fluid requirements increase significantly
  • Have a cool shower or a cool bath
  • Cold arm and foot baths also provide relief
  • Wear light, airy clothing and a hat
  • Avoid alcohol
  • Prefer light meals


3. Keep your home cool

  • Open the windows when it’s cooler outside than inside
  • Protect rooms from direct sunlight
  • Find cooler places nearby – e.g.
    • shady spots in parks
    • Churches
    • air-conditioned public buildings
    • Shopping centres or similar places

 

 

Older people, those in need of care and those who are ill

Older people face greater risks, as their cardiovascular system is no longer able to transport heat to the body’s surface as effectively. Their ability to sweat and their sense of thirst also diminish. If fluid loss is not balanced, blood volume decreases, which can lead to a drop in blood pressure and make sweating even more difficult. Consequently, body temperature rises – and heatstroke is a possibility.

People with the following conditions are also particularly susceptible to heat-related illnesses:

  • Diseases of the cardiovascular system
  • Impaired kidney function
  • Diabetes
  • Diseases of the central nervous system
  • Mental disorders
  • Taking medication


If you yourself are in need of assistance, or if you are looking after people who need help or care, please ensure that the three basic rules set out above are followed. If you or anyone else experiences any unusual health problems, such as circulatory problems, headaches or vomiting, contact a doctor.

In addition to the general recommendations, the following therefore applies in particular:

  • The room temperature should not exceed 26 °C
  • Check the temperature several times throughout the day
  • Light meals
  • Adequate fluid intake
  • Heat-related adjustments to the medication plan by the GP
  • For babies, use mesh nappies with an insert instead of disposable nappies with a plastic lining
  • Body temperature should not exceed 37 °C
  • Use lukewarm water for cooling washes or hand baths
  • Look out for changes in people’s behaviour, such as restlessness, drowsiness or confusion

 


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